Israel and the U.S. Launch Major Offensive on Iran

For decades, Israel has viewed a nuclear-capable Iran as an existential threat, shaping defense strategies, covert operations, and diplomacy. On February 28, 2026, containment ended. Israel and the United States launched a full-scale military campaign, now recognized as the most significant Israeli operation since the nation’s founding. Entering its fourth week, the offensive has reshaped the Middle East and caused thousands of casualties.

From Planning to Action

Months of careful preparation preceded the strikes. Following the June 2025 conflict that targeted Iran’s nuclear infrastructure, intelligence agencies monitored Tehran’s rebuilding efforts. By late 2025, Israel concluded Iran was nearing nuclear capability, while internal unrest in January 2026 offered a rare strategic opportunity.

The February 28 Strikes

On February 28, Israel executed a coordinated air operation with U.S. support, known as Operation Epic Fury. Dozens of sites across northern Iran were targeted, including missile storage, command centers, air defenses, and leadership compounds. The most consequential strike killed Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, sending shockwaves throughout Iran and the international community.

Expanding the Offensive

In the days that followed, Israel intensified strikes across Iran, targeting both military and civilian infrastructure. Fires erupted at Tehran oil depots and refineries, while energy facilities like South Pars and Kharg Island were hit. Over 2,300 strikes were reported across 29 provinces, contributing to rising global oil and gas prices and retaliatory attacks in the region.

Nuclear and Military Targets

Iran’s nuclear sites, including Natanz, were a focus. Iran responded with missile attacks on Dimona, heightening fears of escalation between nuclear-capable adversaries. Israel emphasized air superiority, framing the campaign as a path toward Tehran and signaling a major shift in military strategy.

Humanitarian Impact

The civilian toll has been severe. By mid-March, over 3,100 people had died, including 1,350 confirmed civilians. Strikes damaged schools and hospitals, leaving thousands injured. Israel denied targeting civilians, while Iran reported widespread harm to ordinary citizens.

Iranian Retaliation

Iran launched ballistic missile strikes targeting Israeli territory. Most were intercepted, but some caused civilian casualties, including nine deaths in Beit Shemesh and over 100 injuries in Dimona and Arad.

Diplomatic Reactions

The campaign has drawn mixed responses. The U.S. provided intelligence and support, the U.K. allowed use of its bases, while the UN condemned the attacks. Some nations called for restraint and ceasefires, highlighting legal and humanitarian concerns. Israel framed the operation as necessary to neutralize an existential threat.

Escalation in Lebanon

Alongside Iran, Israel targeted Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. Nearly one million people were displaced, and over 1,000 fatalities were reported, including more than 100 children.

Strategic Implications

As of late March, strikes continue across Iran, retaliatory missile launches persist, and global energy markets remain volatile. The campaign represents unprecedented milestones: targeting a sitting head of state, sustaining operations within a major regional power, and altering Middle East strategic realities.

Key Takeaways

• Israel and the U.S. coordinated one of the largest Middle Eastern military campaigns in decades.
• Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei’s death marked a decisive blow to Iran’s leadership.
• Civilian casualties and infrastructure damage have been significant.
• Iran’s missile retaliation caused damage and deaths, despite strong interception systems.
• Lebanon has seen major escalation, further destabilizing the region.
• Global energy markets are under pressure due to attacks on Iran’s oil and gas infrastructure.
• International reactions are mixed, with calls for restraint, ceasefires, and legal review.

Conclusion

Israel’s ongoing campaign against Iran has fundamentally shifted Middle East geopolitics. The operation has inflicted heavy humanitarian costs, altered regional power balances, and attracted global scrutiny. The long-term consequences will affect energy security, regional stability, and international politics for years to come.

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